Green Edge Intelligence for Self-Running Infrastructures
Keywords:
Smart cyber-physical infrastructures; autonomous operations; edge intelligence; Edge AI; automation; sustainability; security; privacy; compliance; openness; collaboration.Abstract
Autonomous enterprise operations carry a significant sustainability dimension, one made increasingly urgent as real-world deployments draw near. Existing literature, however, tends to treat their implementation and resulting behaviours qualitatively, rather than as an explicit foundational design concern. In practice, designing, developing, and deploying autonomous systems raises complex sustainability questions — particularly where resource costs are displaced away from the enterprise itself or deferred to later stages such as a system's lifespan and disposal.
While the impact of intelligent technologies on the digital workforce is widely acknowledged, sustainability considerations — especially regarding the labour market — have only recently gained prominence, with Edge Intelligence emerging as a key focal point. These considerations extend beyond resource requirements like energy and materials to encompass support for the circular economy.
In response, frameworks and metrics are emerging to help companies quantify environmental cost-related indicators. Such indicators are essential for mapping the Edge Intelligence of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and their last-mile deployment. Once clearly defined, implemented, and rigorously assessed, these indicators will enable the autonomous enterprise to shape the smart edge of CPS in line with a sustainable transition and digital justice — or, at minimum, to limit the impact on the workforce.
References
1. Zhou, C., Sun, Y., Liu, H., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Edge intelligence: The confluence of edge computing and artificial intelligence. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(8), 7457–7469.
2. Xu, D., Li, T., Li, Y., Su, X., Tarkoma, S., Jiang, T., Crowcroft, J., & Hui, P. (2020). Edge intelligence: Architectures, challenges, and applications. arXiv.
3. Li, W., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, L. (2020). Edge intelligence: Challenges and opportunities. In 2020 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS).
4. Khan, L. U., Yaqoob, I., Tran, N. H., Kazmi, S. M. A., Dang, T. N., & Hong, C. S. (2020). Edge-computing-enabled smart cities: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(10), 10235–10254.
5. Malhotra, A., Niharika, D. S., Mangalampalli, B. M., Nema, S., Gupta, Z., & Kriplani, K. (2026, June). Distributed and Edge AI for Continuous and Context-Aware Healthcare Intelligence. In 2026 5th OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry 5.0 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
6. Jang, Y., Na, J., Jeong, S., & Kang, J. (2020). Energy-efficient task offloading for vehicular edge computing: Joint optimization of offloading and bit allocation. In 2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring).
7. Zhang, X., & Debroy, S. (2020). Energy efficient task offloading for compute-intensive mobile edge applications. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).
8. Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, X., & Li, Z. (2021). Energy-efficient task offloading and resource allocation via deep reinforcement learning for augmented reality in mobile edge networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(13), 10843–10856.
9. Seenu, A., Kolla, S. H., Aitha, A. R., Amistapuram, K., Abhireddy, N., & Yandamuri, U. S. (2026, June). Agentic Enterprise Intelligence: A Unified Architecture for Secure RAG-Enabled LLM Automation in Insurance Risk and Fraud Ecosystems. In 2026 5th OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry 5.0 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
10. Chen, X., Jiao, L., Li, W., & Fu, X. (2021). Efficient multi-user computation offloading for mobile-edge cloud computing. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 29(2), 779–792.
11. Brogi, A., Carrasco, J., Durán, F., Pimentel, E., & Soldani, J. (2022). Self-healing trans-cloud applications. Computing, 104, 809–833.
12. Wang, X., Han, Y., Leung, V. C. M., Niyato, D., Yan, X., & Chen, X. (2020). Convergence of edge computing and deep learning: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 22(2), 869–904.
13. Penaka, B. (2026). AUTONOMOUS MULTI-AGENT AI FRAMEWORK FOR END-TO-END CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT AND CARE COORDINATION. Genetics and Molecular Research.
14. Nguyen, D. C., Ding, M., Pathirana, P. N., Seneviratne, A., Li, J., & Niyato, D. (2022). 6G Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(1), 359–383.
15. McEnroe, P., Wang, S., & Liyanage, M. (2022). A survey on the convergence of edge computing and AI for UAVs: Opportunities and challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(17), 15435–15459.
16. Mahadevan, S. (2026). Governed Serverless Automation Ecosystem for AI-Driven Enterprise Integration and Sustainable Cloud Operations. International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, 18(16s), 1561-1570.
17. Mahenge, M. P. J., Li, C., & Sanga, C. A. (2022). Energy-efficient task offloading strategy in mobile edge computing for resource-intensive mobile applications. Digital Communications and Networks, 8(6), 1048–1058.
18. Tajallifar, M., Ebrahimi, S., Javan, M. R., Mokari, N., & Chiaraviglio, L. (2022). Energy-efficient task offloading under E2E latency constraints. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 70(3), 1711–1725.
19. Venkateswara Rao Movva. (2026). Self-Healing Retail Platforms Using Agentic AI: Autonomous Detection, Reasoning, and Remediation of Cloud Infrastructure Failures. International Journal of Special Education, 41(20s), 1198–1204. Retrieved from https://internationalsped.com/index.php/ijse/article/view/6139
20. Azizi, S., Othman, M., & Khamfroush, H. (2023). DECO: A deadline-aware and energy-efficient algorithm for task offloading in mobile edge computing. IEEE Systems Journal, 17(1), 952–963.
21. Bullo, M., Jardak, S., Carnelli, P., & Gündüz, D. (2023). Sustainable edge intelligence through energy-aware early exiting. arXiv.
22. Singh, K. U., Gupta, S. K., Dubey, Y., & Mangalampalli, B. M. (2026, June). Enhancing Healthcare Cyber Defense with Machine Learning-Based Attack Prediction and Prevention. In 2026 5th OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry 5.0 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
23. Arroba, P., Buyya, R., Cárdenas, R., Risco-Martín, J. L., & Moya, J. M. (2024). Sustainable edge computing: Challenges and future directions. Software: Practice and Experience, 54(11), 2272–2296.
24. Ben Cheikh, S., & Sigg, S. (2024). Towards green edge intelligence. In IoT 2023: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Internet of Things (pp. 197–199). ACM.
25. Li, J., Wei, H., Liu, J., & Liu, W. (2024). FSLEdge: An energy-aware edge intelligence framework based on federated split learning for industrial Internet of Things. Expert Systems with Applications, 255, 124564.
26. Li, Y., Qin, D., Poor, H. V., & Wang, Y. (2024). Introducing edge intelligence to smart meters via federated split learning. Nature Communications, 15, 9044.
27. Potturi, P. (2026). Agentic Business Intelligence Architecture for Autonomous Data Exploration, Insight Generation, and Strategic Decision Orchestration. International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, 18(22s), 536-542.
28. Chen, K., Sun, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, H., & Yu, P. (2024). Online collaborative energy-network resource scheduling for WPT-enabled green edge computing. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 8(2), 601–618.
29. Bibri, S. E., Huang, J., Jagatheesaperumal, S. K., & Krogstie, J. (2024). The synergistic interplay of artificial intelligence and digital twin in environmentally planning sustainable smart cities: A comprehensive systematic review. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 20, 100433.
30. Wang, H., & Wang, Y. (2024). Smart cities net zero planning considering renewable energy landscape design in digital twin. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 63, 103629.
31. Liu, K., & Zhang, S. (2024). Smart cities stochastic secured energy management framework in digital twin: Policy frameworks for promoting sustainable urban development in smart cities. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 65, 103720.
32. Suprith, M., Davuluri, P. N., Paramasamy, S., Yandamuri, U. S., & Motamary, S. (2026, June). AI-Enabled Business Process Reengineering for Agile and Data-Driven Organizations. In 2026 5th OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry 5.0 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
33. Chen, L., Li, X., & Zhu, J. (2024). Carbon peak control for achieving net-zero renewable-based smart cities: Digital twin modeling and simulation. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 65, 103792.
34. Zhang, H., & Feng, X. (2024). Reliability improvement and landscape planning for renewable energy integration in smart cities: A case study by digital twin. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 64, 103714.
35. Guo, Y., Fu, Y., Zhang, Y., & Quek, T. Q. S. (2024). Age-of-information and energy optimization in digital twin edge networks. In 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) (pp. 3194–3200).
36. Xu, H., Omitaomu, F., Sabri, S., Zlatanova, S., Li, X., & Song, Y. (2024). Leveraging generative AI for urban digital twins: A scoping review on the autonomous generation of urban data, scenarios, designs, and 3D city models for smart city advancement. Urban Informatics.
37. Pazienza, A., Baselli, G., Vinci, D. C., & Trussoni, M. V. (2024). A holistic approach to environmentally sustainable computing. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 20, 347–371.
38. Konda, S. K. (2024). Carbon-native DCIM architectures for AI data centers: Autonomous infrastructure control via smart grid intelligence. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(1), 3008–3318.
39. Zhou, Y., & Chen, X. (2025). Edge intelligence: Edge computing for 5G and the Internet of Things. Future Internet, 17(3), 101.
40. Ellenki, R. R., & Venkatesh, P. (2026). Collaborative AI Agent Architecture for Autonomous Retail Inventory and Allocation Management. International Journal of Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, 18(23s), 933-940.
41. Bo, Y., Feng, J., Zhang, S., & Leng, B. (2025). Multi-agent reinforcement learning with graph representation for green edge-cloud computation offloading. Computer Communications, 243, 108176.
42. Zhou, X., Guan, X., Sun, D., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., & Ohtsuki, T. (2025). Heterogeneous multi-agent deep reinforcement learning based low carbon emission task offloading in mobile edge computing. Computer Communications, 234, 108089.
43. Liu, H., Huang, L., Tian, Y., Ding, J., Yin, X., & Zhang, G. (2025). Tensor-based task allocation using multi-objective optimization in GECC environment. Computer Communications, 243, 108316.
44. Li, J., Liu, Y., Wang, X., & Chen, Z. (2025). Energy-efficient dynamic offloading and resource management for intelligent edge computing systems. IEEE Access, 13, 127489–127506.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Phanish Lakkarasu, Alexander Petrov (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The American Online Journal of Science and Engineering (AOJSE) is an open-access journal, and all published articles are made freely available to readers worldwide under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license governs the use, sharing, adaptation, and distribution of all content published in AOJSE and is designed to promote the broadest possible dissemination and reuse of scholarly research.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
Under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, any user is free to share, copy, and redistribute the published material in any medium or format, and to adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original authors and source. The license cannot be revoked as long as the terms are followed.
When using or redistributing content published in AOJSE, users must provide proper attribution by citing the original authors' names, the article title, the journal name (AOJSE), the volume and issue number, the year of publication, and the DOI or URL of the article. Users must also indicate if any changes were made to the original work. Attribution must be provided in a reasonable manner but must not suggest that the authors or AOJSE endorse the user or their use of the material.
Author Rights and Copyright Retention
AOJSE respects and upholds the intellectual property rights of all contributing authors. Authors who publish in AOJSE retain full copyright over their work. By submitting a manuscript to AOJSE, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to publish, reproduce, distribute, publicly display, and archive the article in print and electronic formats. This license allows AOJSE to make the article freely accessible to readers globally while ensuring that the authors remain the rightful owners of their work.
Authors are permitted to deposit their published articles in institutional repositories, personal websites, academic networking platforms, and preprint servers, provided that the original publication in AOJSE is acknowledged and properly cited. Authors may also reuse their published content in subsequent works, presentations, teaching materials, and grant applications without requiring prior permission from the journal.
Third-Party Content
Authors are solely responsible for obtaining written permission to reproduce any third-party material, including figures, tables, images, data, or excerpts from other publications, included in their manuscript. Evidence of such permissions must be provided to the editorial office upon request. AOJSE does not assume any responsibility for copyright infringement arising from the unauthorized inclusion of third-party content in published articles.
Permitted Uses
Under the CC BY 4.0 license, the following uses of AOJSE published content are freely permitted without prior written permission from the journal or authors, provided that proper attribution is given. Users may read, download, print, and distribute articles for personal, educational, or research purposes. Researchers may reuse data, figures, and findings for meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and secondary research. Educators may incorporate published articles into course materials, syllabi, and academic presentations. Journalists, policymakers, and practitioners may reference and cite published findings for professional and public interest purposes.
Prohibited Uses
While the CC BY 4.0 license is broad and permissive, users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. Users may not misrepresent the original authorship of published content or imply endorsement by the original authors or AOJSE without explicit consent. Plagiarism, data fabrication, and any form of academic misconduct in the reuse of published material are strictly prohibited and are a violation of publication ethics standards.
Institutional and Repository Deposit Policy
AOJSE fully supports self-archiving and green open access. Authors are encouraged to deposit the final published version of their article, also known as the version of record, in institutional repositories, subject repositories, and open-access databases immediately upon publication. There is no embargo period. Authors should always link back to the original article on the AOJSE website and include the full citation and DOI when depositing their work in any repository.
Digital Preservation and Archiving
AOJSE is committed to the long-term digital preservation of all published content to ensure its permanent availability and accessibility. The journal utilizes the Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform, which supports internationally recognized digital archiving standards. AOJSE encourages participation in archiving networks such as LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) and CLOCKSS (Controlled LOCKSS) to safeguard published articles against data loss and ensure continued access for future generations of researchers and readers.
Disclaimer
The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in articles published in AOJSE are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position, policy, or views of the journal, its editorial board, or its affiliated organizations. AOJSE makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and integrity of published content but does not accept legal responsibility for any errors, omissions, or claims arising from the use of information published in the journal.
Contact for Licensing Inquiries
For any questions regarding the licensing terms, copyright, or permitted use of content published in AOJSE, please contact the editorial office through the journal website at https://aojse.org. The editorial team will be happy to assist authors, readers, and institutions with any licensing-related queries.