Real-Time ML for Payer Claims and Provider Analytics
Keywords:
Claim processing, health insurance, fraud detection, data integrity, entitlement verification, data intelligence, data governance, risk management, data privacy.0Abstract
Claims processing within the payer domain remains an unsatisfactorily solved problem. Inefficiencies are felt on both sides of health system transactions — providers experience delays, while payers face exposure to fraud and waste, with news reports periodically surfacing cases of claims fraud perpetrated against payers. Payers face additional pressure from the Inflation Reduction Act, which requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to begin negotiating maximum prices for select drugs starting in 2026. This mandate introduces its own set of challenges, including the need to ensure that negotiated prices accurately reflect the clinical benefits realized by enrolled patients.
This unmet challenge can be addressed through a machine learning-enabled payer system that fuses provider data intelligence with claims stream analytics, using artificial intelligence to support real-time, automated decision-making on incoming claims. Realizing such a system requires investment in a robust data infrastructure capable of sourcing, integrating, cleaning, and curating multiple external data feeds; deployment of data-science-driven machine learning components for real-time claims processing; a system architecture designed to support these workloads at scale; and a governance framework that addresses privacy, regulatory compliance, and the risks of fraud and data exposure. The design considerations and patterns proposed here guide the resulting solution while also laying a foundation for extension into the broader domain of automated claims management.
References
1. Alam, A., & Prybutok, V. R. (2024). Use of responsible artificial intelligence to predict health insurance claims in the USA using machine learning algorithms. Exploration of Digital Health Technologies, 2, 30–45.
2. Bali, V., Turzhitsky, V., Schelfhout, J., Paudel, M., Hulbert, E., Peterson-Brandt, J., Hertzberg, J., Kelly, N. R., & Patel, R. H. (2024). Machine learning to identify chronic cough from administrative claims data. Scientific Reports, 14, 2449.
3. Caruana, A., Bandara, M., Musial, K., Catchpoole, D., & Kennedy, P. J. (2023). Machine learning for administrative health records: A systematic review of techniques and applications. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 144, 102642.
4. Mashetty, S. (2024). Leveraging Deep Learning, Neural Networks, and Data Engineering for Intelligent Mortgage Loan Validation: A Data-Driven Approach to Automating Borrower Income, Employment, and Asset Verification. Neural Networks, and Data Engineering for Intelligent Mortgage Loan Validation: A Data-Driven Approach to Automating Borrower Income, Employment, and Asset Verification (December 21, 2024).
5. Carrasco-Ribelles, L. A., Llanes-Jurado, J., Gallego-Moll, C., Cabrera-Bean, M., Monteagudo-Zaragoza, M., Violán, C., & Zabaleta-Del-Olmo, E. (2023). Prediction models using artificial intelligence and longitudinal data from electronic health records: A systematic methodological review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 30(12), 2072–2082.
6. Chen, M., Tan, X., & Padman, R. (2023). A machine learning approach to support urgent stroke triage using administrative data and social determinants of health at hospital presentation: Retrospective study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e36477.
7. Choong, C., Brnabic, A., Chinthammit, C., Ravuri, M., Terrell, K., & Kan, H. (2024). Applying machine learning approaches for predicting obesity risk using US health administrative claims database. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 12(5), e004193.
8. Deimazar, G., & Sheikhtaheri, A. (2023). Machine learning models to detect and predict patient safety events using electronic health records: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 180, 105246.
9. Nampalli, R. C. R., & Adusupalli, B. (2024). Using Machine Learning for Predictive Freight Demand and Route Optimization in Road and Rail Logistics. Library of Progress-Library Science. Information Technology & Computer, 44(3).
10. Gibson, T. B., Nguyen, M. D., Burrell, T., Yoon, F., Wong, J., Dharmarajan, S., Ouellet-Hellstrom, R., Hua, W., Ma, Y., Baro, E., Bloemers, S., Pack, C., Kennedy, A., Toh, S., & Ball, R. (2021). Electronic phenotyping of health outcomes of interest using a linked claims-electronic health record database: Findings from a machine learning pilot project. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 28(7), 1507–1517.
11. Gu, J., Epland, M., Ma, X., Park, J., Sanchez, R. J., & Li, Y. (2024). A machine-learning algorithm using claims data to identify patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Scientific Reports, 14, 8890.
12. Hara, K., Kobayashi, Y., Tomio, J., Ito, Y., Svensson, T., Ikesu, R., Chung, U.-I., & Svensson, A. K. (2021). Claims-based algorithms for common chronic conditions were efficiently constructed using machine learning methods. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0254394.
13. Nandan, B. P. (2024). Semiconductor Process Innovation: Leveraging Big Data for Real-Time Decision-Making. Journal of Computational Analysis and Applications (JoCAAA), 33(08), 4038-4053.
14. Hamid, Z., Khalique, F., Mahmood, S., Daud, A., Bukhari, A., & Alshemaimri, B. (2024). Healthcare insurance fraud detection using data mining. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 24, 112.
15. Howson, S. N., McShea, M. J., Ramachandran, R., Burkom, H. S., Chang, H.-Y., Weiner, J. P., & Kharrazi, H. (2022). Improving the prediction of persistent high health care utilizers: Retrospective analysis using ensemble methodology. JMIR Medical Informatics, 10(3), e33212.
16. Jamal, A. (2023). Effect of telemedicine use on medical spending and health care utilization: A machine learning approach. AJPM Focus, 2(3), 100127.
17. Krasowski, A., Krois, J., Kuhlmey, A., Meyer-Lueckel, H., & Schwendicke, F. (2022). Predicting mortality in the very old: A machine learning analysis on claims data. Scientific Reports, 12, 17464.
18. Kural, K. C., Mazo, I., Walderhaug, M., Santana-Quintero, L., Karagiannis, K., Thompson, E. E., Kelman, J. A., & Goud, R. (2024). Using machine learning to improve anaphylaxis case identification in medical claims data. JAMIA Open, 7(2), ooae037.
19. Langenberger, B., Schulte, T., & Groene, O. (2023). The application of machine learning to predict high-cost patients: A performance-comparison of different models using healthcare claims data. PLOS ONE, 18(1), e0279540.
20. Recharla, M., Chava, K., Chakilam, C., & Suura, S. R. (2024). Postpartum Depression: Molecular Insights and AI-Augmented Screening Techniques for Early Intervention. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine, 27(5), 935-957.
21. MacKay, E. J., Stubna, M. D., Chivers, C., Draugelis, M. E., Hanson, W. J., Desai, N. D., & Groeneveld, P. W. (2021). Application of machine learning approaches to administrative claims data to predict clinical outcomes in medical and surgical patient populations. PLOS ONE, 16(6), e0252585.
22. Nabrawi, E., & Alanazi, A. (2023). Fraud detection in healthcare insurance claims using machine learning. Risks, 11(9), 160.
23. Negro-Calduch, E., Azzopardi-Muscat, N., Krishnamurthy, R. S., & Novillo-Ortiz, D. (2021). Technological progress in electronic health record system optimization: Systematic review of systematic literature reviews. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 152, 104507.
24. Nguyen, N. H., Patel, S., Gabunilas, J., Qian, A. S., Cecil, A., Jairath, V., Sandborn, W. J., Ohno-Machado, L., Chen, P. L., & Singh, S. (2022). Simplified machine learning models can accurately identify high-need high-cost patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 13(7), e00507.
25. Rhudy, C., Perry, C., Wesley, M., Fardo, D., Bumgardner, C., Hassan, S., Barrett, T., & Talbert, J. (2024). Applying machine learning models derived from administrative claims data to predict medication nonadherence in patients self-administering biologic medications for inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's & Colitis 360, 6(3), otae039.
26. Sadasivuni, S., Saha, M., Bhatia, N., Banerjee, I., & Sanyal, A. (2022). Fusion of fully integrated analog machine learning classifier with electronic medical records for real-time prediction of sepsis onset. Scientific Reports, 12, 5711.
27. Paleti, S. Agentic AI in Financial Decision-Making: Enhancing Customer Risk Profiling. Predictive Loan Approvals, and Automated Treasury Management in Modern Banking.
28. Settipalli, L., & Gangadharan, G. R. (2023). WMTDBC: An unsupervised multivariate analysis model for fraud detection in health insurance claims. Expert Systems with Applications, 215, 119259.
29. Shamout, F., Zhu, T., & Clifton, D. A. (2021). Machine learning for clinical outcome prediction. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 14, 116–126.
30. Sharma, R., Hogarth, D. K., Colbaugh, R., Glass, K., Mezine, A., Liakoni, V., Rudolf, C., Himmelhan, I., Hinson, J., & Sanchirico, M. (2024). Machine-learning model identifies patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency using claims records. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 21(1), 2393348.
31. Sbodio, M. L., López, V., Hoang, T. L., Brisimi, T., Picco, G., Vejsbjerg, I., Rho, V., Mac Aonghusa, P., Kristiansen, M., & Segrave-Daly, J. (2024). Collaborative artificial intelligence system for investigation of healthcare claims compliance. Scientific Reports, 14, 11884.
32. Swinckels, L., Bennis, F. C., Ziesemer, K. A., Scheerman, J. F. M., Bijwaard, H., de Keijzer, A., & Bruers, J. J. (2024). The use of deep learning and machine learning on longitudinal electronic health records for the early detection and prevention of diseases: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e48320.
33. Tomašev, N., Harris, N., Baur, S., Mottram, A., Glorot, X., Rae, J. W., Zielinski, M., Askham, H., Saraiva, A., Magliulo, V., Meyer, C., Ravuri, S., Protsyuk, I., Connell, A., Hughes, C. O., Karthikesalingam, A., Cornebise, J., Montgomery, H., Rees, G., Laing, C., Baker, C. R., Osborne, T. F., Reeves, R., Hassabis, D., King, D., Suleyman, M., Back, T., Nielson, C., Seneviratne, M. G., Ledsam, J. R., & Mohamed, S. (2021). Use of deep learning to develop continuous-risk models for adverse event prediction from electronic health records. Nature Protocols, 16, 2765–2787.
34. Xie, F., Yuan, H., Ning, Y., Ong, M. E. H., Feng, M., Hsu, W., Chakraborty, B., & Liu, N. (2022). Deep learning for temporal data representation in electronic health records: A systematic review of challenges and methodologies. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 126, 103980.
35. Xie, F., Beukelman, T., Sun, D., Yun, H., & Curtis, J. R. (2023). Identifying inpatient mortality in MarketScan claims data using machine learning. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 32(11), 1299–1305.
36. Zhdanava, M., Pesa, J., Boonmak, P., Schwartzbein, S., Cai, Q., Pilon, D., Choudhry, Z., Lafeuille, M.-H., Lefebvre, P., & Souayah, N. (2024). Predictors of high healthcare cost among patients with generalized myasthenia gravis: A combined machine learning and regression approach from a US payer perspective. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 22(5), 735–747.
37. Fan, S., Abulizi, A., You, Y., Huang, C., Yimit, Y., Li, Q., Zou, X., & Nijiati, M. (2024). Predicting hospitalization costs for pulmonary tuberculosis patients based on machine learning. BMC Infectious Diseases, 24, 875.
38. Amar, F., April, A., & Abran, A. (2024). Electronic health record and semantic issues using Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources: Systematic mapping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e45209.
39. Bali, V., Turzhitsky, V., Schelfhout, J., Paudel, M., Hulbert, E., Peterson-Brandt, J., Hertzberg, J., Kelly, N. R., & Patel, R. H. (2024). Machine learning to identify chronic cough from administrative claims data. Scientific Reports, 14, 2449.
40. Campbell, R. L., Alpern, M. L., Li, J. T., Hagan, J. B., Motosue, M., Mullan, A. F., Harper, L. S., Lohse, C. M., & Jeffery, M. M. (2023). Development of a machine learning algorithm based on administrative claims data for identification of ED anaphylaxis patient visits. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global, 2(1), 61–68.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Anumandla Mukesh (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The American Online Journal of Science and Engineering (AOJSE) is an open-access journal, and all published articles are made freely available to readers worldwide under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license governs the use, sharing, adaptation, and distribution of all content published in AOJSE and is designed to promote the broadest possible dissemination and reuse of scholarly research.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
Under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, any user is free to share, copy, and redistribute the published material in any medium or format, and to adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original authors and source. The license cannot be revoked as long as the terms are followed.
When using or redistributing content published in AOJSE, users must provide proper attribution by citing the original authors' names, the article title, the journal name (AOJSE), the volume and issue number, the year of publication, and the DOI or URL of the article. Users must also indicate if any changes were made to the original work. Attribution must be provided in a reasonable manner but must not suggest that the authors or AOJSE endorse the user or their use of the material.
Author Rights and Copyright Retention
AOJSE respects and upholds the intellectual property rights of all contributing authors. Authors who publish in AOJSE retain full copyright over their work. By submitting a manuscript to AOJSE, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to publish, reproduce, distribute, publicly display, and archive the article in print and electronic formats. This license allows AOJSE to make the article freely accessible to readers globally while ensuring that the authors remain the rightful owners of their work.
Authors are permitted to deposit their published articles in institutional repositories, personal websites, academic networking platforms, and preprint servers, provided that the original publication in AOJSE is acknowledged and properly cited. Authors may also reuse their published content in subsequent works, presentations, teaching materials, and grant applications without requiring prior permission from the journal.
Third-Party Content
Authors are solely responsible for obtaining written permission to reproduce any third-party material, including figures, tables, images, data, or excerpts from other publications, included in their manuscript. Evidence of such permissions must be provided to the editorial office upon request. AOJSE does not assume any responsibility for copyright infringement arising from the unauthorized inclusion of third-party content in published articles.
Permitted Uses
Under the CC BY 4.0 license, the following uses of AOJSE published content are freely permitted without prior written permission from the journal or authors, provided that proper attribution is given. Users may read, download, print, and distribute articles for personal, educational, or research purposes. Researchers may reuse data, figures, and findings for meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and secondary research. Educators may incorporate published articles into course materials, syllabi, and academic presentations. Journalists, policymakers, and practitioners may reference and cite published findings for professional and public interest purposes.
Prohibited Uses
While the CC BY 4.0 license is broad and permissive, users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. Users may not misrepresent the original authorship of published content or imply endorsement by the original authors or AOJSE without explicit consent. Plagiarism, data fabrication, and any form of academic misconduct in the reuse of published material are strictly prohibited and are a violation of publication ethics standards.
Institutional and Repository Deposit Policy
AOJSE fully supports self-archiving and green open access. Authors are encouraged to deposit the final published version of their article, also known as the version of record, in institutional repositories, subject repositories, and open-access databases immediately upon publication. There is no embargo period. Authors should always link back to the original article on the AOJSE website and include the full citation and DOI when depositing their work in any repository.
Digital Preservation and Archiving
AOJSE is committed to the long-term digital preservation of all published content to ensure its permanent availability and accessibility. The journal utilizes the Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform, which supports internationally recognized digital archiving standards. AOJSE encourages participation in archiving networks such as LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) and CLOCKSS (Controlled LOCKSS) to safeguard published articles against data loss and ensure continued access for future generations of researchers and readers.
Disclaimer
The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in articles published in AOJSE are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position, policy, or views of the journal, its editorial board, or its affiliated organizations. AOJSE makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and integrity of published content but does not accept legal responsibility for any errors, omissions, or claims arising from the use of information published in the journal.
Contact for Licensing Inquiries
For any questions regarding the licensing terms, copyright, or permitted use of content published in AOJSE, please contact the editorial office through the journal website at https://aojse.org. The editorial team will be happy to assist authors, readers, and institutions with any licensing-related queries.